Metabolic Reprogramming Analysis of Wheat Response to Low Temperature Stress Under Nitrogen Supply

ABSTRACT Low temperature is a limiting factor on crop yield. Nitrogen (N) could promote wheat growth and development. However, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular interplay between low‐temperature and nitrogen in wheat is lacking. In this study, we aimed to unravel these mechanisms in wheat exposed to low temperature and subsequent temperature recovery under three N levels (0, 180, and 270 kg ha −1 ). Analyses showed that low temperature stress induced a defense response through promoted nitrogen absorption and assimilation by 15.90%–131.50%, activated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, triggered hormone signal transduction, and carbon metabolism. Nitrogen application augmented these protective processes and mitigated photosynthetic and chlorophyll synthesis inhibition, which collectively strengthened cold tolerance. Metabolic reconfiguration during temperature recovery facilitated efficient damage repair and the resumption of growth and development. The findings not only deepen the molecular understanding of cold adaptation in crops but also offer a theoretical framework for developing strategies to enhance wheat resilience.