SN 2024abfl: A Flat-plateau, Low-luminosity Type IIP Supernova with Early Circumstellar Matter Interaction
Abstract We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2024abfl, a low-luminosity Type IIP supernova (LLSN) discovered shortly after explosion. The transient reached a peak absolute magnitude of M V = −14.9 and exhibited an extended, flat plateau lasting ∼125 days. From the late-time bolometric light curve, we estimate a 56 Ni mass of ∼0.01 M ⊙ , consistent with other LLSNe. Analytical shock-cooling models fail to reproduce the rapid early rise, indicating that circumstellar matter (CSM) interaction contributed to the initial emission. The spectroscopic evolution is typical of LLSNe, with relatively narrow metal lines and low expansion velocities (≲3000 km s −1 ) that decline slowly over time. We detect a broad “ledge” feature around 4600 Å within 3 days of explosion, which we interpret as a blend of high-ionization, shock-accelerated CSM lines. Multipeaked H α profiles develop during the plateau phase, consistent with complex ejecta–CSM interaction. As one of the best-observed examples of LLSNe, SN 2024abfl exhibits a weak explosion and signatures of nearby CSM, offering new insights into progenitor properties, pre-explosion mass loss, and the diversity of LLSNe.
Authors
- Geoffrey C. Clayton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-7436)
- C. L. Ransome (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-4960)
- Moira Andrews (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1895-6639)
- Raya Dastidar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6191-7160)
- Lindsey A. Kwok (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-1328)
- Daryl Janzen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-3281)
- Saurabh W. Jha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8738-6011)
- Nathan Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-2424)
- Jeniveve Pearson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-0047)
- Collin T. Christy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0528-202X)
- Aravind P. Ravi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7352-7845)
- K. D. Alexander (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-2473)
- Jennifer E. Andrews (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0123-0062)
- D. Hiramatsu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-9187)
- G. Hosseinzadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-2974)
- A. V. Filippenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-0103)
- Noah Franz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-3575)
- Réka Könyves-Tóth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8770-6764)
- Yize Dong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-6371)
- S. Valenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8818-0795)
- Joseph Farah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4914-5625)
- David J. Sand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-380X)
- N. Meza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-3446)
- C. McCully (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-7893)
- Bhagya Subrayan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8073-8731)
- Thomas G. Brink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-2502)
- Brian Hsu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9454-1742)
- D. A. Howell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4253-656X)
- Manisha Shrestha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-1874)
- Xiaofeng Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-2357)
- Kathryn Wynn
- Madison Gerard
- M. J. Lundquist
- K Azalee Bostroem
Institutions
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (US)
- Space Science Institute (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- University of Szeged (HU)
- W.M. Keck Observatory (US)
- Maria Mitchell Association (US)
- Konkoly Observatory (HU)
- Brera Astronomical Observatory (IT)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- University of Florida (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Gemini North Observatory (US)
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (FR)
- Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (AU)
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (HU)
- Monash University (AU)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- National Institute for Astrophysics (IT)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2026-04-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5a3a
- Primary Topic
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Heising-Simons Foundation