Computed tomography investigation of the cribriform plate and associated structures in KwaZulu-Natal population: dimensional, morphometric and sex-related variations

Abstract Background The cribriform plate is a crucial small bony structure in the anterior cranial fossa that plays a key role in surgical procedures and forensic identification. Despite its importance in olfaction, there is limited research on its morphological, morphometrical variations and sexual dimorphism in African populations, prompting a study to investigate these aspects in a selected KwaZulu-Natal population. Methods Fifty-five (55) CT scans of the cribriform plate were assessed from the axial and coronal views. Morphology of the cribriform plate was recorded based on the Kawahara method, morphometry and related structures of the cribriform plate were investigated to identify any sexual dimorphism. Result Type IV plates were most common in males, while Types I and II dominated among females. Males generally had larger measurements, though females showed longer and deeper right-sided plates. The anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) was typically located below the skull base in both sexes. The teardrop type of crista galli was most common type in both sexes. Keros Type II was most prevalent in both sexes. On both sides of both sexes, the AEA was commonly located below the skull base. Ethnic differences showed Black individuals had longer right-sided plates, while White females had greater width and depth. Conclusions This study found no statistically significant differences in the morphology and morphometry of the cribriform plate within the KwaZulu-Natal population. However, the observed variations may have clinical implications for surgical planning, particularly in procedures involving the anterior skull base.