Ethno-medical Practices on Urinary Disorders in Idukki District, Kerala, India

Background: Ethno-medicinal practices (EMPs), developed and refined over generations, form an integral part of indigenous knowledge systems. These practices are based on close interaction with nature and involve the use of medicinal plants and natural formulations for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Tribal communities, in particular, possess rich knowledge of plant-based remedies, which are often economical, accessible, and culturally acceptable. Aim: The present study was undertaken to document, validate, and analyze ethno-medicinal practices (EMPs) used by tribal farmers in Idukki district of Kerala for the treatment of urinary infections. Methods: The research was conducted in three phases: documentation, rationality assessment, and evaluation of adoption and perceived effectiveness. In the first phase, data were collected from nine tribal groups through participatory interviews and focus group discussions involving traditional healers and elderly farmers. In the second phase, the rationality of selected EMPs was assessed by experts in Ayurveda and Siddha systems using a standardized scoring method. In the third phase, the extent of adoption and perceived effectiveness of EMPs were evaluated among 452 tribal farmers using structured interview schedules. Results: A total of thirteen EMPs were documented, of which twelve were found to be rational based on expert evaluation. A majority of these practices were widely adopted, with more than 50 percent of the respondents practising them. All widely adopted EMPs were perceived as effective in managing urinary infections. The therapeutic potential of these practices is supported by the presence of bioactive phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic properties. Conclusion: The findings indicate a strong scientific basis and community acceptance of traditional healthcare practices. The study emphasizes the need for preservation, scientific validation, and integration of ethno-medicinal knowledge into sustainable healthcare systems.