Heat-Killed <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> HY2782 Attenuates Chronic Kidney Disease by Suppressing Inflammation and Selectively Modulating the Gut Microbial Community

, and correlation analysis further indicated that these taxa were associated with renal dysfunction and inflammatory markers. Collectively, these findings suggest that heat-killed HY2782 attenuates adenine-induced CKD in association with suppression of renal and intestinal inflammation and selective modulation of gut microbiota, supporting its potential as a postbiotic candidate for CKD management.