Real time dynamic fusion method of transmission and transformation project line and terrain 3D model based on GIM model

INTRODUCTION: To address insufficient accuracy in transmission and transformation project line planning, difficulties in fusing line and terrain 3D models, and limited visualization in complex terrain, this paper investigates a real-time dynamic fusion approach for line–terrain 3D models based on the GIM model, aiming to support refined digital construction and management. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to develop a real-time dynamic fusion method that (1)integrates multi-source geographic information into a unified 3D environment base, (2) enables intelligent multi-constraint route planning with automatic optimization and quantitative comparison of alternatives, and (3) supports efficient visualization for digital twin applications throughout the project lifecycle. METHODS: A multi-source geographic information integrated 3D environment base is constructed, and a multi-constraint intelligent planning algorithm is established to perform automatic path optimization and multi-scheme quantitative evaluation. High-precision terrain is reconstructed by combining laser point cloud data and oblique photography, while a target registration strategy is adopted to unify coordinates between the GIM model and real terrain. A unified data engine together with hierarchical level-of-detail rendering is employed to realize real-time dynamic integration of construction resources, progress information, and 3D scenes. RESULTS: Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method improves the rationality and economy of route planning, enables effective comparison among multiple planning schemes, significantly reduces ecological impact, and provides efficient real-time visualization and dynamic scene integration in complex terrain environments. CONCLUSION: The proposed GIM-based real-time dynamic fusion framework enhances planning accuracy, model–terrain alignment, and visualization capability for power transmission and transformation projects, offering a reliable digital twin platform for fine-grained management across the entire project cycle and supporting the digital transformation of the industry.