Public perceptions of genetic sequencing in China: barriers and drivers of adoption

This study explores public attitudes toward genetic sequencing (GS) services in China and identifies key factors influencing adoption. Although GS has the potential to strengthen precision public health, its uptake may be constrained by societal and attitudinal barriers. We used a sequential mixed-methods design, combining focus group discussions with a structured ranking questionnaire. A total of 28 participants (mean age 48.9 years) were included. The qualitative analysis identified five major themes reflecting participants' understanding, concerns, and expectations regarding GS. Quantitatively, the most influential factors for adoption were the characteristics of genomic information and financial accessibility. Demographic differences were observed: men prioritized cost, whereas women emphasized clarity of information; older adults focused on affordability, whereas younger participants valued transparency and the utility of information. Psychological concerns also emerged as an important barrier, including fears of genetic discrimination and emotional distress arising from the implications of genetic information. In contrast to European studies that often highlight privacy and data protection, participants in this study placed greater emphasis on informational and financial considerations. Despite the modest sample, thematic saturation was reached and the mixed-methods approach provides complementary qualitative and quantitative evidence. Addressing public concerns through transparent communication, education, psychological support, and affordability-focused policies will be important to facilitate integration of GS into healthcare systems. These findings provide culturally grounded evidence to inform precision public health in China and similar contexts.