Vibrational spectroscopy as a complementary approach to monitor SH-SY5Y cell differentiation

regions to monitor metabolomic changes across different days in vitro. Distinct spectral profiles emerged between early and late differentiation stages, indicating dynamic biochemical remodelling. Late differentiation stage cells exhibited enhanced signals associated with lipid ester groups and β-sheet protein conformations, whereas early-differentiation-stage cells showed features linked to unsaturated lipid CH stretches, parallel and antiparallel β-sheet arrangements, and phosphate monoester groups from nucleic acids. These findings highlight the sensitivity and utility of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for monitoring and characterizing the biochemical dynamics of SH-SY5Y cell differentiation.