Prevalence and correlates of neurocognitive impairment among older persons in rural Eastern Uganda

The population of adults aged 60 years and older in sub-Saharan Africa is projected to reach 670 million by 2030. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for dementia among older adults in rural eastern Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 2023 to September 2024 in eastern Uganda. Cognitive function was assessed using the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans and a functional assessment. Sociodemographic, medical, social characteristics were captured. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with neurocognitive impairment. Among 598 older adults (mean age 70.0 ± 9.0 years; 60.6% female), 39% had no formal education. We found 20.6% had neurocognitive impairment and 12% had dementia. Older age or being underweight were significant risk factors for neurocognitive impairment. There is a high burden of neurocognitive impairment among older adults in rural Uganda. Addressing modifiable risk factors through public health programs is essential for dementia prevention.