Production of Polymer Matrix Fiber-Reinforced Composites and Investigation of Their Ballistic Properties

The advancements in weaponry and ammunition within the defense industry have significantly increased the demand for improved personal protection and military equipment. This trend has particularly emphasized wearable lightweight body armor for personnel and heavy armor for military vehicles. Traditionally, steel materials have been predominantly used for ballistic protection. However, as mobility is a critical requirement for military personnel, recent research efforts have focused on developing composite or ceramic-based armor systems, aiming to reduce weight while maintaining or improving ballistic performance. In this study, laminated composite materials reinforced with Kevlar 29, carbon fiber, and glass fiber were designed using a resin matrix. The mechanical and ballistic properties of these materials were analyzed through simulations performed using SolidWorks for geometric modeling and ANSYS software for finite element analysis under ballistic impact. Following the simulation phase, the composite structures were fabricated using the vacuum infusion method. Ballistic tests were conducted in compliance with the NIJ-0101.06 standards for protection levels IIA and III, using 9x19 mm and 7.62 mm ammunition, respectively. Results indicated that Level IIA protection was achieved with Sample No. 2, which comprised 5 layers of glass fiber, 5 layers of Kevlar 29, and 5 layers of carbon fiber, with a total weight of 650 grams. Experimental findings revealed a notable reduction in penetration levels with an increasing number of layers, highlighting the effectiveness of the material design and configuration. This study demonstrates the potential of polymer matrix-based composite armor systems as a lightweight and efficient alternative for ballistic protection.