Clinical and anamnestic features of patients with genital endometriosis

One of the gynecological diseases with high social, medical, and economic significance is endometriosis. Among women of reproductive age, the prevalence of this disease reaches 10% and, according to various authors, varies from 2% to 27%. Objective. To identify the clinical and anamnesis characteristics of patients with genital endometriosis. Material and methods. The total sample size for this study was 1.368 individuals, of whom 395 were patients with genital endometriosis and 973 were women in the control group. The group of patients included individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of genital endometriosis, which was verified through morphological examination following surgical treatment. Results. It was found that among reproductive-aged women with endometriosis, the proportion of those with underweight (6.20%) is higher than in the control group (3.87%). Patients with endometriosis tend to have a shorter menstrual cycle (by 0.57 days), and they are more likely to experience polymenorrhea (2.54 times more often) and menorrhagia (4.1 times more often). In the group of patients with genital endometriosis, there is a higher proportion of women with a history of artificial abortions (1.67 times more), among whom there is a higher percentage (by 10.23%) of women who began sexual activity at an early age. Patients with endometriosis also have a higher incidence of abnormal uterine bleeding (2.7 times), chronic endometritis (2.6 times), ectopic pregnancies (2.2 times), sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (1.8 times), and they are also more frequently diagnosed with digestive system diseases (15.4 times) and endocrine disorders (2.9 times). Conclusion. Patients with genital endometriosis are characterized by a shorter menstrual cycle, the presence of polymenorrhea, and menorrhagia. Risk factors for the development of genital endometriosis may include underweight, susceptibility to psycho-emotional stress, a family history of the disease (endometriosis in the mother), and a history of artificial abortions. Patients with genital endometriosis have a higher incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and chronic endometritis compared to the control group. Abnormal uterine bleeding and a history of ectopic pregnancies are also characteristic of patients with genital endometriosis.