Evaluation of Efficacy of Surgical Periodontal Therapy with the Use of Bone Graft in the Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects

Abstract Background and Aim: The surgical approach in the treatment of periodontal bone defects involves either the use of flap surgery alone or along with a bone graft. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of surgical periodontal therapy with the use of bone graft in treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. Materials and Methods: This prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Periodontics and Implantology of dental college and hospital after obtaining ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee. A total of 200 subjects belonging to both genders diagnosed with advanced periodontitis, i.e., minimum of one pocket which measured ≥5 mm in minimum 2 quadrants were selected using the randomized sampling technique. Subjects were categorized in two groups (a) Group A: Subjects who were treated using open flap surgical method with no bone graft while (b) Group B had undergone open flap periodontal surgery using bone graft. Plaque index, papillary bleeding index as well as probing periodontal pocket depth were observed at baseline, at 1 month and at 6 month intervals. Statistical Analysis: Observations were recorded in a Microsoft Excel worksheet and descriptive analysis was performed. Data were entered in the form of mean ± standard deviation Independent t -test was performed to evaluate the intragroup statistical significance which was set at <0.05. Results: Statistically significant improvements in all studied periodontal indices in both groups suggest that there is no difference in the outcome of periodontal surgery with or without the use of bone graft. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates no statistically significant difference between the use of bone graft or flap surgery alone in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defect.