A model of the Unity High-Definition Render Pipeline, with applications to flat-panel and head-mounted display characterization

Game engines such as Unity and Unreal Engine have become popular tools for creating perceptual and behavioral experiments in complex, interactive environments. They are often used with flat-panel displays, and also with head-mounted displays. Here, I describe and test a mathematical model of luminance and color in Unity's High-Definition Render Pipeline (HDRP). I show that the HDRP has several non-obvious features, such as nonlinearities applied to material properties and rendered values, that must be taken into account to show well-controlled stimuli. I also show how the HDRP can be configured to display gamma-corrected luminance and color, and I provide software to create the specialized files needed for gamma correction.