Long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs landscape in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: progress, challenges, and perspectives

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major public health problem that increase morbidity and mortality in many mothers and newborn infants and are considered a significant clinical and economic burden worldwide. The precise pathogenesis of HDP is not yet fully understood, but as the disease progresses, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play abnormal regulatory roles. These ncRNAs function in complex regulatory networks and regulate key biological processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. Special attention is given to their molecular targets, associated signaling pathways, and the underlying mechanisms of regulatory imbalances. By integrating recent findings and identifying gaps in the main knowledge, this article aims to provide valuable insights into ncRNAs in HDP and to guide therapeutic strategies for this maternal-fetal condition. This will help to establish a profile in this important area of knowledge concerning the clinical management of pregnant women and encourage further research.