Mobile Mind Mapping and Training Interventions for Non-communicable Disease Prevention in Primary Healthcare: A Systematic Review

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) impose a substantial burden on health systems, particularly in low-and middle-income countries where primary healthcare resources are limited. Community health workers and community health officers contribute to early detection, risk reduction, and health promotion; however, conventional training approaches may not adequately support knowledge retention and practical competencies. Evidence on integrating mind mapping with mobile-based learning remains limited. Methods: This systematic review, conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, evaluated training interventions for community-based health personnel in NCD prevention. Literature published between 2013 and 2025 was identified through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies were screened using predefined criteria, and findings were synthesised using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: Ten studies were included. Community-based interventions improved screening coverage, risk-factor awareness, and follow-up care. Educational interventions enhanced knowledge, communication competence, and self-efficacy. Innovative approaches, including mind mapping and simulation, improved cognitive organisation and understanding of complex information. Variability in study design and outcomes limited direct comparison. Conclusions: Training interventions improve competencies in NCD prevention. Integration of mobile learning with visual strategies such as mind mapping shows potential to enhance training effectiveness and workforce capacity. Further high-quality studies are required to evaluate combined approaches and their impact on healthcare outcomes.