Electromagnetic scattering characteristics of lunar dust in the low-terahertz band

This study investigates the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of lunar dust in the low-terahertz band. To address the scattering calculation challenges posed by complex lunar dust morphology, we propose a calculation method based on an equivalent ellipsoid model. Radar cross-section (RCS) simulations for single particles and particle ensembles validate the high consistency of the equivalent model. The calculated root mean square error (RMSE) is less than 0.11 dB and 2.06 dB, respectively. Based on these findings, we derive a terahertz radar equation specifically for lunar dust concentration retrieval. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the design of future lunar environmental detection systems and retrieval algorithms.