The role of 3D technologies and digital databases in modern forensic dentistry

Modern forensic odontology is undergoing a digital transformation associated with the introduction of 3D technologies and the creation of specialized digital databases. These innovations radically change traditional approaches to personal identification, providing increased accuracy, speed and objectivity of analysis. The use of 3D scanning, CAD/CAM systems, computed tomography, and 3D printing makes it possible to create highly detailed digital models of the maxillofacial region that can be used to identify individuals in cases of mass disasters, criminal investigations, and when working with severely damaged remains. Despite the obvious advantages, the integration of these technologies faces challenges of standardization, implementation costs, and cybersecurity. A systematic search and analytical review of scientific literature published over the past 10 years (2014-2024) was conducted. Relevant publications were searched in international electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science) and in Russian scientific electronic libraries (eLibrary, CyberLeninka). The inclusion criteria were: focus on the application of 3D technologies (3D scanning, CAD/CAM, 3D printing) and/or digital databases in the context of forensic dentistry; description of specific clinical cases or research techniques; the presence of an analysis of advantages, limitations and prospects. Articles that did not contain original data were excluded, as well as publications that were not available in full text. As part of the study, 20 publications were selected from the proposed 254 that meet the specified inclusion criteria.