Role of lipopolysaccharide in the development of inflammation in placental tissue in preeclampsia

Introduction. In the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, it is customary to distinguish oxidative stress, generalized endothelial dysfunction and the presence of systemic inflammation. The primacy of one or another link, as well as their triggers, have not been established. The purpose of our study was to assess the content of lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative microorganisms, as well as macrophages in the placenta, depending on the severity of preeclampsia to optimize early prevention. Material and methods. The study included 46 pregnant women: 15 with severe preeclampsia, 15 with moderate preeclampsia, 16 without hypertensive syndrome at a gestation period of 29—40 weeks. Fragments of placental tissue were subjected to immunohistochemical study to determine the content of lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative microorganisms in the chorion tissue, as well as macrophage infiltration. Results. A high content of lipopolysaccharide in the endothelium of chorionic villi vessels, as well as the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast cells, was found in groups of patients with preeclampsia, as well as the severity of macrophage infiltration. A moderate positive correlation was established between the lipopolysaccharide content in placental tissue and the severity of macrophage infiltration. Conclusion. Lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative microorganisms stimulates inflammatory reactions in chorionic tissue and thus participates in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.