Factors Affecting the Cultivation of Political Awareness among Vietnamese Students in the Current Context of Globalization

Abstract: In the context of increasing globalization and digital transformation, fostering political awareness among Vietnamese students faces a complex mix of opportunities and challenges. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the formation and development of students' political awareness in this new environment. Based on a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative (questionnaire survey with a 5-point Likert scale) methods, with a sample of 350 students at several higher education institutions. The research results indicate four main groups of factors with significant influence, including: (i) educational and training factors; (ii) socio-cultural factors; (iii) the digital media environment; and (iv) the impact of globalization. In this context, education plays a decisive role in shaping political awareness and attitudes, while the digital media environment has a two-way impact, both expanding access to information and potentially leading to cognitive deviations. Simultaneously, traditional cultural values continue to play a fundamental role in strengthening political acumen and civic consciousness. This research contributes to supplementing an integrated theoretical framework on political education in the context of globalization, and proposes policy implications to improve the effectiveness of political awareness training for Vietnamese students today.