Enhancing oral bioavailability and immunostimulatory activity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides through PLGA nanoparticle delivery system

cm/s). More importantly, GPN markedly promoted dendritic cell (DC) maturation through direct interactions and indirect effects across the Caco-2 cell monolayer. Furthermore, GPN significantly increased the number and activation state of T cells, DC, and macrophages in mice's spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), demonstrating superior immune-enhancing effects. In summary, the PLGA-based oral drug delivery system markedly improved GUPS's intestinal absorption and efficacy, providing a theoretical foundation for developing GUPS as an oral medication and functional food.