Application of advanced graphical models (GGE biplot, AMMI, WAASB) for assessing yield stability in practical breeding of winter hexaploid triticale

This study presents the application of advanced graphical and statistical models – GGE biplot, AMMI, and WAASB for the assessment of productivity and yield stability in winter hexaploid triticale. Sixteen genotypes (four standard varieties and twelve advanced breeding lines) were evaluated across three agro-ecologically contrasting growing seasons (2021–2024). The primary objective was to identify genotypes that combine high yield potential with stability across diverse environments. The results indicated considerable variability in yield performance depending on year and environmental conditions. The use of GGE biplot and AMMI models enabled a comprehensive analysis of genotype × environment interaction, revealing that lines G14 (193т/112-1), G7 (202/10-246), and G11 (107/09-273) exhibited both consistently high yields and notable stability, rendering them particularly promising for breeding and cultivation. The WAASB model provided an integrated evaluation of both productivity and stability, while the WAASBY index ranking further substantiated the superiority of these genotypes. The study also discusses the methodological limitations and emphasizes the necessity for further analyses employing advanced bioinformatics tools and a broader range of selection criteria. The practical relevance of these findings is the recommendation of stable, high-yielding genotypes suitable for a wide range of agro-ecological conditions.