Integrating Augmented Reality Into Otologic Cadaveric Surgical Training

OBJECTIVE: Temporal bone dissection poses a significant challenge due to its intricate three-dimensional (3D) anatomy. Traditional learning methods involving cadaver dissections are limited by practical constraints. Augmented reality (AR) offers a potential solution by providing 3D anatomical visualization of key anatomical landmarks based on computed tomography (CT) scans, superimposed directly onto the cadaver specimen. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of integrating AR to support temporal bone dissection of cadavers and enhance otolaryngology residents' grasp of anatomy. METHODS: Four otolaryngology residents performed a total of seven temporal bone dissections during a dedicated dissection course. AR models were developed using specimen-specific CT data and overlaid onto cadaveric specimens using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 headset. Participants' dissection accuracy and efficiency were evaluated using predefined metrics, and their feedback was collected through questionnaires to assess the system's contribution to learning. RESULTS: In this pilot feasibility study, the AR system was successfully integrated into the dissection workflow, with participants reporting improved understanding of these complex anatomical structures as well as enhanced spatial orientation. Dissection quality was high, and the participants expressed overall satisfaction with the course. CONCLUSION: AR technology shows significant potential as an adjunct to traditional temporal bone dissection training by providing enhanced visualization that leads to greater anatomical understanding. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.