Genetically predicted causal association between type 2 diabetes and heart failure: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

The correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure has been extensively studied; however, the causal nature of this relationship remains a topic of debate. Our study employs a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to rigorously examine the causal relationship between T2DM and heart failure. By utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 655,666 individuals for T2DM (including 61,714 cases and 1178 controls) and 977,323 individuals for heart failure (including 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls), we aimed to provide strong evidence for a causal association. The analysis revealed a significant causal relationship, with individuals with T2DM exhibiting a 7% increased odds of heart failure (inverse variance weighting [IVW]: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.04-1.10, P = 1.07 × 10-6). This finding highlights the significance of T2DM as an independent risk factor for heart failure and suggests that MR analysis could be a valuable tool for the early identification of heart failure risk in diabetic populations. Our results emphasize the need for enhanced screening and preventive measures for heart failure in patients with T2DM, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes through early diagnosis and intervention.