Gut–Brain Connection: Deciphering Causal Pathways Between Gut Microbiota and Neuroimaging Profiles Through Mendelian Randomization

, respectively. This study utilized a bidirectional MR approach to establish causal evidence for the relationship between the gut microbiome and brain network connectivity, and support the bidirectional regulatory pattern of the GBA. These findings provide new insights into the potential roles of gut microbiota in emotional regulation, cognitive function, and neurodevelopment, and offer a theoretical basis for microbiome-based intervention strategies.