BEING GOOD: ALTRUISM OR REACTIVE FORMATION? – AN ANALYSIS OF THE SHORT STORY "SVE ĆE TO NAROD POZLATITI"

This paper examines the status of altruism through psychoanalytic and philosophical frameworks, starting from the premise that altruism does not function as a transparent ethical category, but rather as a complex formation where unconscious mechanisms, social demands, and symbolic structures intertwine. The analysis is based on an interpretation of the short story "Sve će to narod pozlatiti" ("The People Will Gild It All"), read as a site of intersection between individual trauma and collective moral discourse. Drawing on Sigmund Freud’s concept of reactive formation and Jacques Lacan’s concept of the Symbolic order, the paper demonstrates that altruism can function as a defense mechanism that simultaneously enables subjective stabilization and the reproduction of social norms. Philosophical positions of Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche introduce the tension between the normative ideal of morality and its genealogical critique, while Peter Singer’s contemporary theory further problematizes the distinction between declarative and effective altruism. A specific focus is placed on the analysis of Blagoje’s son as a figure of the Real, which exposes the limits of symbolic compensation, as well as on the collective discourse of "the people," interpreted as a performative act that maintains the moral order. A parallel with the novel The Stranger further illuminates the relationship between subjective authenticity and socially prescribed forms of morality. In conclusion, the paper reveals the ambivalent structure of altruism between ethics and defense. Rad ispituje status altruizma kroz psihoanalitički i filozofski okvir, polazeći od pretpostavke da altruizam ne funkcioniše kao transparentna etička kategorija, već kao složena formacija u kojoj se prepliću nesvesni mehanizmi, društveni zahtevi i simboličke strukture. Analiza je zasnovana na interpretaciji pripovetke „Sve će to narod pozlatiti“, koja se čita kao mesto susreta individualne traume i kolektivnog moralnog diskursa. Polazeći od pojma reaktivne formacije kod Sigmund Freud-a i koncepta simboličkog poretka kod Jacques Lacan-a, rad pokazuje da altruizam može funkcionisati kao odbrambeni mehanizam koji istovremeno omogućava subjektivnu stabilizaciju i reprodukciju društvenih normi. Filozofske pozicije Immanuel Kant-a i Friedrich Nietzsche-a uvode napetost između normativnog ideala moralnosti i njegove genealoške kritike, dok savremena teorija Peter Singer-a dodatno problematizuje razliku između deklarativnog i efektivnog altruizma. Poseban fokus rada usmeren je na analizu lika Blagojevog sina kao figure Realnog, koja razotkriva granice simboličke kompenzacije, kao i na kolektivni diskurs „naroda“, koji se interpretira kao performativni čin kojim se održava moralni poredak. Paralela sa romanom „Stranac“ dodatno osvetljava odnos između subjektivne autentičnosti i društveno propisanih oblika moralnosti. Zaključno, rad pokazuje ambivalentnu strukturu altruizma između etike i odbrane.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-04-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19811718
Primary Topic
Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, and Politics
Type
article
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article

BEING GOOD: ALTRUISM OR REACTIVE FORMATION? – AN ANALYSIS OF THE SHORT STORY "SVE ĆE TO NAROD POZLATITI"

Bajro Salkunić
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, and Politics
article

BEING GOOD: ALTRUISM OR REACTIVE FORMATION? – AN ANALYSIS OF THE SHORT STORY "SVE ĆE TO NAROD POZLATITI"

Bajro Salkunić
article en

Abstract

This paper examines the status of altruism through psychoanalytic and philosophical frameworks, starting from the premise that altruism does not function as a transparent ethical category, but rather as a complex formation where unconscious mechanisms, social demands, and symbolic structures intertwine. The analysis is based on an interpretation of the short story "Sve će to narod pozlatiti" ("The People Will Gild It All"), read as a site of intersection between individual trauma and collective moral discourse. Drawing on Sigmund Freud’s concept of reactive formation and Jacques Lacan’s concept of the Symbolic order, the paper demonstrates that altruism can function as a defense mechanism that simultaneously enables subjective stabilization and the reproduction of social norms. Philosophical positions of Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche introduce the tension between the normative ideal of morality and its genealogical critique, while Peter Singer’s contemporary theory further problematizes the distinction between declarative and effective altruism. A specific focus is placed on the analysis of Blagoje’s son as a figure of the Real, which exposes the limits of symbolic compensation, as well as on the collective discourse of "the people," interpreted as a performative act that maintains the moral order. A parallel with the novel The Stranger further illuminates the relationship between subjective authenticity and socially prescribed forms of morality. In conclusion, the paper reveals the ambivalent structure of altruism between ethics and defense. Rad ispituje status altruizma kroz psihoanalitički i filozofski okvir, polazeći od pretpostavke da altruizam ne funkcioniše kao transparentna etička kategorija, već kao složena formacija u kojoj se prepliću nesvesni mehanizmi, društveni zahtevi i simboličke strukture. Analiza je zasnovana na interpretaciji pripovetke „Sve će to narod pozlatiti“, koja se čita kao mesto susreta individualne traume i kolektivnog moralnog diskursa. Polazeći od pojma reaktivne formacije kod Sigmund Freud-a i koncepta simboličkog poretka kod Jacques Lacan-a, rad pokazuje da altruizam može funkcionisati kao odbrambeni mehanizam koji istovremeno omogućava subjektivnu stabilizaciju i reprodukciju društvenih normi. Filozofske pozicije Immanuel Kant-a i Friedrich Nietzsche-a uvode napetost između normativnog ideala moralnosti i njegove genealoške kritike, dok savremena teorija Peter Singer-a dodatno problematizuje razliku između deklarativnog i efektivnog altruizma. Poseban fokus rada usmeren je na analizu lika Blagojevog sina kao figure Realnog, koja razotkriva granice simboličke kompenzacije, kao i na kolektivni diskurs „naroda“, koji se interpretira kao performativni čin kojim se održava moralni poredak. Paralela sa romanom „Stranac“ dodatno osvetljava odnos između subjektivne autentičnosti i društveno propisanih oblika moralnosti. Zaključno, rad pokazuje ambivalentnu strukturu altruizma između etike i odbrane.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Reduced inequalities
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, and Politics
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