The Impact of Mass Events on Private and Public Transport: A Case Study of the City of Łódź, Poland = Wpływ imprez masowych na – transport indywidualny i publiczny. Studium przypadku miasta Łodzi Twórca:

The organisation of mass events in urban centres is an indispensable aspect of contemporary society. Depending on the scale of the event, challenges may arise related to prior adaptation of the transport system, environmental pollution, or participant safety. The analysis of mass events in the city of Łódź, Poland, in 2024 enabled the assessment of their impact on both road traffic and public transport operations, as well as their spatial extent in relation to the analysed intersections and public transport stops. This study highlights the main issues that urban centres, and directly their residents, may face due to the organisation of mass events, regardless of whether they live relatively close to the event venue or in other parts of the city.