Occupational Sun Exposure and Skin Neoplasms in a Dermatology Referral Service in Southeast Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Skin neoplasms, including melanoma and non-melanoma types, represent a major public health concern in Brazil. Occupational sun exposure has been identified as an important risk factor, particularly among outdoor workers. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of individuals with skin neoplasms in a hospital-based sample from a dermatology referral service, and to characterize their epidemiological profile and patterns of sun exposure. Methods: This exploratory, cross-sectional, descriptive, hospital-based study was conducted at a dermatology referral outpatient clinic between December 2024 and June 2025. A non-probabilistic convenience sample of adult patients (≥18 years) attending the clinic during the study period was included. For analytical purposes, only individuals with a confirmed current or previous diagnosis of skin neoplasms were considered. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the authors to assess demographic characteristics, occupational sun exposure, photoprotection practices, and personal and family history of skin neoplasms. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of 120 individuals were assessed during the study period. Of these, 33 (27.5%) had a confirmed diagnosis of skin neoplasms, while the remaining 87 (72.5%) presented with other dermatological conditions. Among individuals with skin neoplasms, 18 (54.5%) were male, and 30 (91.0%) self-identified as White. Most participants were older than 55 years at the time of assessment (27, 82.0%), and 17 (51.6%) received their first diagnosis after 55 years of age. Low educational level was observed, with 14 (42.4%) not having completed primary education. Daily occupational sun exposure was reported by 22 (66.6%) participants, most frequently between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. (n=16; 48.5%). Daily sunscreen use was reported by 12 (36.3%), whereas 14 (42.0%) reported no use. Non-melanoma skin neoplasms, particularly basal cell carcinoma, were the most frequent histological types, whereas melanoma was less frequently observed. Conclusions: This study provides a characterization of individuals with skin neoplasms in a hospital-based sample from a dermatology referral service, including their epidemiological profile and patterns of sun exposure. In this sample, skin neoplasms were observed predominantly among older individuals with fair skin, lower educational levels, and a history of outdoor work. Low adherence to photoprotection practices was also identified. These findings highlight patterns in this setting and may support future research and preventive strategies.