Community awareness and cultural beliefs on female genital mutilation in Ibadan, Oyo State: Insights from a localised intervention

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a significant public health issue in Nigeria, particularly in Ibadan, with a prevalence rate of 38%. Despite increased awareness and advocacy, FGM persists as a rite of passage, chastity, or cultural custom. To investigate the impact of community awareness programs and cultural beliefs regarding FGM in Ibadan Oyo State, examining traditional misconceptions, cultural justifications, and the impact of awareness programs. This is a qualitative study among female young adults of reproductive age (18–49 years), who participated in semistructured in-depth interviews using a narrative inquiry qualitative research approach. Insights into participants’ experiences, perspectives, and attitudes impacted by awareness programs, as well as the interaction of cultural phenomena with public health education were revealed through thematic analysis of the data. Participants perceived that awareness programs and education have reduced FGM prevalence by providing accurate information, challenging misconceptions, and offering alternatives. Schools and community-based initiatives empower younger generations, but bridging generational knowledge gaps remains a challenge. Eliminating FGM in Ibadan requires not only disseminating information but also sustaining culturally respectful, context-specific advocacy. Long-term progress lies in embedding anti-FGM education in everyday institutions and empowering future generations to advocate for change.