From Ship to Shore: A Review of Vessel‐To‐Grid Bidirectional Charging for Sustainable Maritime Transport

ABSTRACT This review examines bidirectional charging technology for marine transport electrification, focusing on vessel‐to‐grid (V2G) systems integration within maritime operations. Unlike prior studies that typically address technological, operational, or policy aspects in isolation, this work provides a cross‐disciplinary and system‐level synthesis of V2G in maritime contexts. It evaluates the technological advancements, economic potential, and environmental benefits that V2G can offer to the marine sector, with an emphasis on cost reduction, emissions control, and energy resilience. By explicitly linking battery systems, power electronics, port infrastructure, operational strategies, and regulatory frameworks, the review highlights critical interdependencies that shape real‐world implementation. Key challenges are identified, such as infrastructure requirements, grid compatibility, and lifecycle management, along with emerging innovations aimed at addressing these barriers. Case studies from maritime businesses illustrate practical applications and market viability, whereas concluding insights identify cross‐sector research gaps and provide an integrated framework for future research and scalable impact in sustainable marine transport.