Masculinity, sexuality and gender performativity among young males in a sexual health education programme in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire): the case of the “mougoupans”

Background: In a context where the sexual and reproductive health of young people remains a major issue in Côte d’Ivoire, this study explores representations of masculinity among adolescents in Abidjan through the figure of the “mougoupan”. This term, drawn from local slang, refers to a man who seduces women with false promises and then disappears after sexual intercourse. Methodological approach: Using the participatory method Recherche Par les Coaches (RPC) and the story completion method, the study is based on fifteen semi-structured interviews conducted by trained football-for-sexual-health-education coaches. Findings: The findings show that such behaviours are perceived as markers of hegemonic masculinity, associated with multiple sexual partnerships and the pursuit of peer recognition. These practices are both valorised within peer groups and described as involving risky sexual behaviour, coercion, and disregard for consent, highlighting how masculine identities are collectively produced through peer-mediated gender performativity. Implications: By demonstrating how the “mougoupan” figure is produced and regulated within youth peer cultures, the article highlights the need for sexual health interventions that move beyond individual awareness to address peer norms and group dynamics. This includes creating safe spaces for peer discussion and integrating critical engagement with masculinity, consent, and gender expectations into sexuality education programmes. The study also highlights the value of collaborative qualitative approaches for exploring understudied and sensitive youth phenomena.