Artificial Intelligence for Hemodynamic Monitoring: The Art, Science, and the Machine!

Hemodynamic monitoring is an integral component of successful perioperative management and has witnessed noticeable refinements backed by advancing technology through the passing decades. Interestingly, however, the new and equally exciting horizon on the front is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for hemodynamic monitoring. It happens to be for the data-rich environment pertaining to the range of hemodynamic parameters featuring as targets of cardiovascular optimization that AI is being ardently followed up for a potential role. Motivated by the same, the index narrative review delves deeper into this evolving subject of widespread clinical importance, assisted by search strategies focusing on medical subject headings, keywords, and terms relating to AI, hemodynamic monitoring, and machine learning. The subsequent discussion hence extends from the recent research developments in the use of AI across the corresponding domains of hypotension prediction, hemodynamic profiling, early warning institution, closed-loop and decision-support system, assisted ultrasonography, and the futuristic technology, to simultaneously present a nuanced perspective on the “art-science-machine” debate and the real-world intricacies associated with the modern-day application of AI in medicine.