The role of education and psychological wellbeing in shaping migration intentions: evidence from Kosovo

Purpose This study examines how education, operationalized as students' perceived international transferability of education (PITE), and psychological wellbeing are associated with university students' migration intentions from Kosovo. It tests whether psychological wellbeing mediates the relationship between PITE and migration intentions and explores gender differences. Design/methodology/approach The study uses cross-sectional survey data from 400 undergraduate and postgraduate students in Kosovo. Established scales measured education, psychological wellbeing, and migration intentions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) in AMOS were used to test direct and indirect relationships, alongside interaction analysis for gender differences. Findings Education (PITE) is positively associated with psychological wellbeing, which in turn is positively linked to migration intentions. The direct relationship between PITE and migration intentions remains significant, while the indirect effect via wellbeing confirms partial mediation. Gender differences are also observed, with male students in higher degree levels reporting stronger migration intentions than female students. Originality/value The study contributes to limited research in the Western Balkans by integrating education perceptions, psychological wellbeing, and migration intentions in a single model. It highlights wellbeing as a mediating mechanism and underscores gender differences, offering implications for higher education policy in high-emigration contexts.