FASCIAE AND TRIANGLES OF THE CERVICAL REGION

The anatomy of the cervical fasciae and triangles represents one of the key areas of topographic anatomy and holds significant importance for clinical practice, particularly in surgery, otorhinolaryngology, and anesthesiology. The fasciae of the neck form a complex system of connective tissue layers that define anatomical spaces, provide fixation of organs, and facilitate the spread of pathological processes, including inflammatory and purulent diseases. In turn, the cervical triangles serve as important anatomical landmarks that allow precise localization of neurovascular bundles, lymph nodes, and internal organs. The aim of this study is to systematize modern concepts of the structure of cervical fasciae and the topography of cervical triangles, taking into account their clinical and anatomical significance. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature based on data from classical and modern anatomical sources. The results demonstrate that a clear understanding of the fascial layers (superficial, investing, visceral, and prevertebral fasciae) and their interrelationships is crucial for interpreting the pathways of infection spread and for performing surgical interventions. The analysis of cervical triangles (anterior and posterior, as well as their subdivisions) made it possible to уточнить their boundaries, contents, and practical significance in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In conclusion, knowledge of fascial anatomy and topographic landmarks of the neck is essential for the safe performance of invasive procedures and for improving the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis. This work may serve as a theoretical basis for medical students and young specialists.