Comparative Studies on Processing of Sago Waste for Down Streaming With Multiple Electrodes in Electrochemical Method

ABSTRACT This study investigates an electrochemical pre‐treatment approach for sago waste, a lignocellulosic biomass, with the goal of reducing recalcitrance and enhancing cellulose accessibility for bioenergy production. Comparative experiments were conducted using graphite, stainless steel and iron electrodes to determine the most effective material. Pre‐treatment efficiency was evaluated through soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and structural analyses using SEM, XRD and FTIR. Among the electrodes tested, graphite performed the best, facilitating lignin degradation, enhancing porosity and inducing slight changes in the crystalline structure. In contrast, stainless steel and iron electrodes were less effective under similar conditions. The superior performance of graphite is attributed to its high electrochemical stability and large surface area, which promote efficient lignin oxidation at lower energy input. These findings highlight graphite electrodes as a promising and energy‐efficient option for sago waste pre‐treatment and valorisation.