Beyond the Nodes: Atypical Presentations of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Across Organs

Introduction Extranodal presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse clinical, morphological, and pathological features. These lymphomas arise in organs other than lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays a crucial role in the confirmation and subtyping of these lesions. Objective The aim of this study was to identify different patterns of extranodal involvement in NHL and to list the common sites of involvement. Materials and methods This retrospective case series included eight cases of atypical extranodal presentations of NHL across organs diagnosed by the Department of Pathology of Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India, between 2019 and 2025. Results The cases involved extranodal lymphomas of the cervix (Burkitt's lymphoma), stomach (B-cell lymphoma), rectum (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)), paratesticular mass (B-cell lymphoma), ileum (T-cell lymphoma), mediastinum (DLBCL), soft tissue of the thumb (mantle cell lymphoma), and breast (B-cell lymphoma). Each case demonstrated distinct clinicopathological features, emphasizing the need for different diagnoses and treatment approaches. Conclusion This case series highlights eight cases of NHL from various organs. Awareness of such atypical presentations is essential for early diagnosis and management.