New modelling approach for nitrogen transfer and water passage in gas-permeable membranes for wastewater treatment

m/s due to matrix component interactions. This narrow distribution confirms the robustness of the model, as permeability is a membrane-intrinsic parameter. Water transport significantly increased trapping solution volume, up to 149% in synthetic media and 292% in high-strength effluents, increasing with the osmotic pressure gradient between solutions. The proposed model provides a practical tool to obtain membrane-intrinsic ammonia permeability and to model TAN recovery in GPM treating real effluents, helping to bridge the gap between theoretical transport models and experimental applications.