Exploring the role of hydrogen peroxide in the immune microenvironment of hypoxic tumors

Background and purpose: ) with sodium hyaluronate (KORTUC) enables safe intratumoral administration. This study investigates how this reoxygenation modulates the tumor immune microenvironment. Materials and methods: macrophages were spatially quantified in histological sections using HALO software. Results: significantly reduced the anti-inflammatory macrophages (Mφ2) phenotype (CD206, Arg1) and induced a functional shift towards pro-inflammatory (Mφ1) activity (iNOS), further validated by qPCR in hypoxic BMDMs. Spatial analysis confirmed sustained reoxygenation and a pronounced reduction in Mφ2 colocalization within remaining hypoxic niches. Conclusions: with IR to alleviate hypoxia-driven immunosuppression and improve clinical outcomes in solid tumors.