HPV vaccine: the key to a powerful shield against cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major global public health concern associated with multiple cancers. Despite the proven effectiveness of HPV vaccines, disparities in knowledge and vaccination uptake persist. This study aimed to assess HPV-related knowledge, awareness, and vaccination behaviors in a large population-based sample in Türkiye and to identify key determinants influencing vaccination. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 12,093 individuals aged 18–49 from all seven geographical regions of Türkiye. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and HPV-related knowledge. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. While 73.4% of participants reported awareness of cervical cancer, knowledge regarding specific aspects of HPV vaccination, such as dosage schedule (44.1%) and cost (41.0%), was lower, and 24.5% reported no knowledge of the vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several significant predictors of vaccination, including history of sexually transmitted infections (OR = 32.45), prior HPV knowledge (OR = 19.10), support for national vaccination programs (OR = 6.95), and higher income (OR = 5.74) (p < 0.05). Healthcare engagement factors such as Pap smear testing were also positively associated with vaccination (OR = 3.12). Although general awareness of HPV-related diseases is relatively high, gaps remain in practical knowledge and vaccination uptake. Addressing these gaps requires targeted educational interventions, improved access to accurate information, and policies aimed at reducing socioeconomic barriers. Integrating HPV vaccination into national immunization programs may enhance equitable access and improve public health outcomes.