Nanoparticle shape effects on MHD radiative hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating cone with quadratic chemical reaction

This paper explores the nature of transport of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid in a rotating vertical cone, accounting for the interdependence among transpiration, nonlinear thermal radiation, and porous medium resistance. The hybrid nanofluid is made of silver (Ag) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles in water, as these two materials are chosen for their superior thermal and conductive properties in the context of modern heat transfer techniques. Appropriate similarity transformations are applied to reduce the governing partial differential equations to a system of dimensionless ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using the BVP4C method. The findings indicate that fluid velocity is greatly suppressed with increasing the inverse of the Darcy number and the inertia drag coefficient, and with the development of thermal and concentration boundary layers. One of the significant contributions of the work is the analysis of the role of nanoparticle shape in transport performance. Their non-spherical geometry, especially blade and platelet geometry, increases the rate of skin friction and mass transfer, but the heat transfer efficiency of spherical nanoparticles is relatively high. Quantitatively, a replacement of the spherical by the blade-shaped particles leads to a 2.4 % increase in skin-friction coefficient, an 11.1 % reduction in the Nusselt number, and a 2.6 % increase in the Sherwood number. In practice, the findings are very useful for designing sophisticated thermal systems, including cooling equipment for rotating machines, energy systems, and materials processing equipment. This paper has shown that optimizing the morphology and flow parameters of nanoparticles can be used to balance heat and mass transfer requirements, achieving high efficiency and stability in hybrid nanofluid-based engineering applications.