A Study on Trends in Energy Supply and Demand in India (2015–16 To 2024–25)

Energy has always been of key importance for the sustenance of life. It is more so for present-day living. It is of crucial significance for furthering the development process in several ways. The prime concern of this study is on energy resources – supply and demand factors in India since 1991. The trend of energy supply and demand in India is analysed across the central, state, and private sectors. The total energy generation in the country has shown a significant and continuous increase over time. In recent years, the total energy requirement has risen from 11,14,408 MU in 2015–16 to 16,93,959 MU in 2024–25, while energy availability has also increased from 10,90,360 MU to 16,92,369 MU during the same period. This reflects substantial growth in overall power generation capacity contributed by the central, state, and private sectors. At the same time, the energy shortage has declined sharply from 24,048 MU (2.1%) in 2015–16 to 1,590 MU (0.1%) in 2024–25 in India. The study has two objectives: to track the trend of energy supply in India and the trend of energy demand in India. Data are collected from the secondary data available from the Ministry of Power in India. Economic Appraisal was published in various years by the Government of India. The reasons for the study continued high energy demand, increased economic activities and rapid economic development in India.