ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF GRASSES IN FARMING AND TEBENEVOCHING IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA UNDER LIMAN IRRIGATION

This article presents the results of an economic assessment of seeded cereal and legume-cereal grasslands used for haymaking and winter grazing on estuary-irrigated land in Central Yakutia. It was found that in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the provision of livestock with coarse and bulky forage is only 60–70%, and the area of hayfields decreased by 13.7% between 1990 and 2026. Under these conditions, the introduction of seeded grasslands with estuary irrigation—a technology that ensures a stable supply of coarse forage through spring flooding of lands with meltwater—is particularly relevant. Research has shown that sowing seeded grasslands significantly increases the economic efficiency of forage production compared to natural hayfields. Thus, the cost of hay from natural lands is 6,780 rubles/ha, whereas when sowing cereal grass mixtures it increases to 20,100–21,900 rubles/ha, and legume-cereal mixtures – to 24,960–29,160 rubles/ha. The highest profitability (up to 69%) and conditionally net income (up to 11,856 rubles/ha) are demonstrated by a two-component grass mixture of alfalfa (6 kg/ha) and awnless brome (15 kg/ha), providing a hay yield of 48.8 c/ha. Among the cereal mixtures, variants with awnless grass and Siberian couch grass demonstrated high efficiency. An economic assessment of the aftermath (stubble residue) also confirmed the profitability of all studied variants: the production cost was 3,060–5,940 rubles/ha for cereals and 4,080–6,720 rubles/ha for legume-cereal grass stands.