Patterns of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Bangladeshi Tabla Players: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a major occupational concern in the emerging field of performing arts medicine. They are common among instrumental musicians and may significantly impair performance and quality of life. Percussionists, including tabla players, are particularly vulnerable due to repetitive upper limb movements and sustained postures. However, evidence from South Asia, especially Bangladesh, remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the prevalence, distribution, and characteristics of PRMDs among Bangladeshi tabla players. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 116 professional tabla players with at least five years of playing experience, recruited through purposive sampling from music academies and cultural institutions in Bangladesh. Data were collected using a structured, Bengali-translated questionnaire adapted from validated PRMD assessment tools. Information on demographics, playing habits, musculoskeletal symptoms, and preventive practices was obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among the participants (n = 116), 72% reported experiencing PRMDs at some point in their lifetime, while 26% reported current symptoms. The upper limb was the most commonly affected region (63%), with the wrist (27%) and shoulder (26%) being the most frequently involved anatomical sites. Lower back (22%) and fingers (20%) were also commonly affected. A majority (62%) experienced involvement of multiple regions. Many participants reported that PRMDs interfered with playing ability (58%) and daily activities (42%). A descriptive trend suggested a higher prevalence of PRMDs among players with longer daily practice duration. Preventive measures were infrequently practiced, with 53% reporting no preventive strategies. Conclusion: PRMDs are highly prevalent among Bangladeshi tabla players, predominantly affecting the upper limb and impacting both performance and daily functioning. The limited use of preventive strategies highlights the need for increased awareness, ergonomic training, and rehabilitation interventions tailored to musicians.