An enhanced sonodynamic antibacterial strategy using bismuth porphyrin metal-organic frameworks to inhibit bacterial endogenous antioxidant H2S metabolism

O₂) under ultrasound irradiation and as an effective scavenger of bacterial-derived H₂S through strong Bi³⁺-H₂S interactions. By weakening the bacterial antioxidant reduction system and disrupting redox homeostasis, this strategy enabled efficient bacterial eradication via low-level ROS, thereby significantly amplifying SDT-mediated antibacterial efficacy. The effectiveness of this synergistic strategy was systematically demonstrated against multiple bacterial species, including drug-resistant strains and different survival states such as planktonic bacteria and biofilms in vitro. It was further validated in vivo, highlighting its potential as an alternative therapeutic approach for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections.