Prevalence and Associated Factors of Normal-Weight Central Obesity Among Community-Dwelling Persons 45 Years and Older in Indonesia in 2023

Our study sought to investigate the prevalence and related factors of normal-weight central obesity (NWCO) among people aged 45 and over, using national community-dwelling data from the 2023 Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Survey (ILAS). In all, 1982 cross-sectional national data from persons 45 years and older with normal body mass index (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) were analysed. Standard measures were used to evaluate anthropometric and independent factors. The factors associated with NWCO were evaluated with Poisson regression. The prevalence of NWCO was 32.8%. Adjusted Poisson regression showed that older age (PR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.45), having diabetes (PR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.57) and hypertension (PR:1.16, 95% CI:1.01, 1.34) were positively associated with NWCO, while being male (PR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.33), being married (PR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.89), working for income (PR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.94), and current smoking (PR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.93) were negatively associated with NWCO. The study showed that about one in three Indonesia’s middle-aged and older persons have NWCO. Findings support the integration of central obesity measures into routine screening to improve early detection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).