Third-Trimester Anemia and Early Breastfeeding Outcomes and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: A Retrospective Comparative Study

BACKGROUND: Although the impact of maternal anemia on adverse maternal outcomes is well established, its relationship with breastfeeding and maternal mental well-being remains insufficiently characterized. RESEARCH AIMS: This study aimed to examine the association between anemia severity in the third trimester and early breastfeeding outcomes and postpartum depressive symptoms. METHODS: = 96). Breastfeeding outcomes included breastfeeding initiation within 1 hour postpartum, colostrum and milk volume adequacy on postpartum day 1 and at hospital discharge, and exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge. Postpartum depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. RESULTS: = 0.043). CONCLUSION: Greater anemia severity in late pregnancy was associated with poorer breastfeeding outcomes and higher postpartum depressive symptom scores. These findings underscore the need for continued investigation and clinical attention to anemia identification and management during pregnancy.