Use of Chebyshev collocation spectral method for the unsteady ternary hybrid nanofluid flow induced by an electroosmotic micropump system

This study investigates the unsteady electroosmotic pumping flow of a Carreau-based ternary hybrid nanofluid (Al 2 O 3 –MoS 2 –Cu/blood) under the combined influence of an inclined magnetic field, thermal radiation, and cilia-modulated slip conditions. The system models a biologically inspired microchannel actuated by an externally applied axial electric field. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are solved using the Chebyshev Collocation Spectral Method (CCSM), implemented in MATHEMATICA, offering superior spectral accuracy and computational efficiency. Numerical results reveal that the THNF achieves up to 11.3% higher thermal conductivity and 9.7% faster heat transport rate compared to hybrid nanofluid counterparts, and up to 18.6% improvement over mono-nanofluids. The electroosmotic parameter is shown to enhance temperature and axial velocity significantly, with a 12% rise in core temperature and a 15% increase in flow rate as the parameter increases from 0.5 to 2.0. Furthermore, the synergistic interaction of Ohmic heating and inclined magnetic field strengthens the thermal field, leading to a 19% boost in surface heat flux.