Knowledge, perceptions, and practices of Palestinian obstetricians and gynecologists on urinary tract infection prevention during pregnancy

Abstract Introduction Maternal infections are a leading contributor to preventable pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction and congenital anomalies. In low-resource settings, gaps in provider knowledge and adherence to infection prevention guidelines can exacerbate maternal and neonatal morbidity. This study investigates the knowledge, practices, and perceptions of Palestinian obstetricians and gynecologists regarding infection prevention during pregnancy, with a focus on hygiene education, routine screening, and risk counseling. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among practicing obstetricians and gynecologists in the West Bank using a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge, counseling behavior, and clinical practices related to infection prevention. The survey addressed practices around hygiene, food safety, sexual activity, zoonotic exposure, and vaccination. Results The study revealed prevalent beliefs linking tight underwear (91% “sometimes/always”), non-cotton clothing (86.4%), scented pads (81.9%), and vaginal moisturizers (81.8%) to infections, with strong consensus on hygiene practices like post-defecation drying (88.1%) and soap use (82.7%). During pregnancy, participants perceived risks from sugary foods (70.9%), sexual activity (70.9%), and inadequate handwashing (56.4% “always”). Flu shots (89.1%) and smoking avoidance (72.7%) were recognized for infection prevention. Female physicians scored lower than males ( p = 0.038), while experience significantly impacted outcomes: >15-year veterans scored highest (M = 24.84 vs. <5-year: M = 2.84, p < 0.001). Conclusion The study highlights robust awareness of hygiene and infection risks among clinicians but identifies critical gaps in managing dietary, pregnancy-related, and product safety concerns. Experience significantly influenced clinical competency, with seasoned physicians outperforming novices. Addressing these disparities through targeted education and evidence-based guidelines is crucial to enhancing patient care and maternal-fetal health outcomes.