Association between periodontal status and salivary interleukin-6 levels in normal-weight and obese individuals with and without prediabetes

The objective was to investigate the association between periodontal status and whole salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in normal-weight and obese individuals with and without prediabetes. Normoglycemic and prediabetic adults with obesity and systemically healthy individuals (controls) were encompassed. Participants were alienated into four-groups: Group-1: individuals with prediabetes alone, Group-2: individuals with obesity alone, Group-3: prediabetic individuals with obesity, and Group-4: systemically healthy individuals. Patient demographics were recorded. Clinical evaluations comprised measurements of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), marginal bone loss (MBL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Hemoglobin A1c was recorded and whole salivary IL-6 levels were measured. Associations between IL-6 levels, demographic variables, and periodontal parameters were examined using linear regression analysis. Intergroup differences were evaluated, and a significance threshold of P < 5% was applied. One-hundred-and-four individuals were assessed for eligibility. Fifteen individuals were excluded. In total, 89 individuals were included. The PI (P < 0.01),GI (P < 0.01),CAL (P < 0.01),PD (P < 0.01), MBL (P < 0.01),MT (P < 0.01) and IL-6 levels (P < 0.01) were significantly higher among individuals in Group 3 than groups 1, 2 and 4. There was a significant correlation between PD and IL-6 levels in group-3 (P < 0.001). Prediabetes in the presence of obesity is associated with an increased burden of periodontal inflammation; however, this relationship appears to be modulated by oral hygiene practices rather than solely by systemic status.