Integrating ESG practices into Islamic finance: a bibliometric and content analysis of takaful and ESG literature

Purpose Although ESG and Islamic finance have become prominent themes in recent financial research, a comprehensive understanding of how ESG principles are embedded within Takaful remains fragmented. Grounded in the principles of risk sharing and the prohibition of interest, this study aims to identify, quantify and interpret patterns in existing research on ESG and Takaful using systematic review and content analysis, thereby guiding future research in a meaningful way. Design/methodology/approach A total of 82 peer-reviewed documents were retrieved from the Scopus database, validated by domain experts, and analyzed using a combination of bibliometric techniques in RStudio and VOSviewer. In addition, the authors conducted Systematic Content Analysis (SCA) of the research to make the findings robust and relevant by mapping intellectual structures, tracing thematic evolution and identifying emerging areas in ESG-oriented Takaful research. Findings The results identify Fintech, artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain as promising areas for ESG integration in Takaful. The application of big data analytics and machine learning also offers substantial potential for future research, particularly across Southeast and South Asia. Methodologically, advancing theory testing alongside naturalistic inquiry can yield impactful insights into the evolving field of Shari’ah-compliant sustainable investment practices. Research limitations/implications This study offers valuable insights for future research and supports the community in several ways. Specifically, for Takaful operators, this study delineates the existing research embedding ESG and Takaful for: i) underwriting and pricing, ii) sustainable and fair investment management and iii) upgrading the governance and disclosure system. Originality/value This study provides a novel synthesis of ESG integration in Takaful, contributing to the discourse on sustainable Islamic finance. It builds a foundation for future research, guiding institutions and policymakers aiming to align Islamic financial practices with global ESG standards.