Unraveling the role of BMP2 variant in impacted wisdom teeth: insights from a case-control study

Abstract Objectives Impacted wisdom teeth are a common dental issue, often associated with pain and complications requiring surgical intervention. Genetic factors contributing to this condition remain poorly understood. This study investigates the association of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ( BMP2 ) rs3178250 genetic variant with impacted wisdom teeth. Methods We conducted a case-control study involving 140 participants, including 70 people with impacted wisdom teeth and 70 healthy controls. Genotyping of the BMP2 rs3178250 variant was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in combination with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Statistical analyses were employed to assess the association between the variant and impacted teeth. Results Our findings indicate a significant correlation between the BMP2 rs3178250 variant and the risk of impacted wisdom teeth. The codominant 1 TC vs. TT (OR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.25–0.89; p = 0.011) and dominant TC + CC vs. TT (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.20–0.75; p = 0.006) models of inheritance reduced impacted wisdom teeth risk by 59 and 61%, respectively. Additionally, the C allele of rs3178250 (OR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.33–0.89; p = 0.009) decreased the risk of impacted wisdom teeth by 48%. Conclusion Suggesting that this genetic factor may contribute to the condition’s pathophysiology. These insights enhance our understanding of the genetic predisposition to dental impaction and pave the way for further research into targeted therapeutic strategies and preventive measures. BMP2 rs3178250 variant were associated with Impacted wisdom teeth risk in our population. Larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm these findings and investigate other potential causal factors involved in Impacted wisdom teeth etiology.